PostgreSQL 8.3.1 Documentation
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# 40.5. Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl

Normally, PL/Perl is installed as a "trusted" programming language named `plperl`. In this setup, certain Perl operations are disabled to preserve security. In general, the operations that are restricted are those that interact with the environment. This includes file handle operations, `require`, and `use` (for external modules). There is no way to access internals of the database server process or to gain OS-level access with the permissions of the server process, as a C function can do. Thus, any unprivileged database user can be permitted to use this language.

Here is an example of a function that will not work because file system operations are not allowed for security reasons:

    CREATE FUNCTION badfunc() RETURNS integer AS $$
        my $tmpfile = "/tmp/badfile";
        open my $fh, '>', $tmpfile
            or elog(ERROR, qq{could not open the file "$tmpfile": $!});
        print $fh "Testing writing to a file\n";
        close $fh or elog(ERROR, qq{could not close the file "$tmpfile": $!});
        return 1;
    $$ LANGUAGE plperl;

The creation of this function will fail as its use of a forbidden operation will be caught by the validator.

Sometimes it is desirable to write Perl functions that are not restricted. For example, one might want a Perl function that sends mail. To handle these cases, PL/Perl can also be installed as an "untrusted" language (usually called PL/PerlU). In this case the full Perl language is available. If the `createlang` program is used to install the language, the language name `plperlu` will select the untrusted PL/Perl variant.

The writer of a PL/PerlU function must take care that the function cannot be used to do anything unwanted, since it will be able to do anything that could be done by a user logged in as the database administrator. Note that the database system allows only database superusers to create functions in untrusted languages.

If the above function was created by a superuser using the language `plperlu`, execution would succeed.

> Note: For security reasons, to stop a leak of privileged operations from PL/PerlU to PL/Perl, these two languages have to run in separate instances of the Perl interpreter. If your Perl installation has been appropriately compiled, this is not a problem. However, not all installations are compiled with the requisite flags. If PostgreSQL detects that this is the case then it will not start a second interpreter, but instead create an error. In consequence, in such an installation, you cannot use both PL/PerlU and PL/Perl in the same backend process. The remedy for this is to obtain a Perl installation created with the appropriate flags, namely either `usemultiplicity` or both `usethreads` and `useithreads`. For more details,see the `perlembed` manual page.

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