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## SQLite C Interface

## Count The Number Of Rows Modified

>     int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
>     sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_changes64(sqlite3*);

These functions return the number of rows modified, inserted or deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter. The two functions are identical except for the type of the return value and that if the number of rows modified by the most recent INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE is greater than the maximum value supported by type "int", then the return value of sqlite3_changes() is undefined. Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value returned by these functions.

Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are considered - auxiliary changes caused by triggers, foreign key actions or REPLACE constraint resolution are not counted.

Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers are not counted. The value returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real tables are counted.

Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the program uses the changes() SQL function, or if some other callback function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:

- Before entering a trigger program the value returned by sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program has finished, the original value is restored.

- Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes() upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes() value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.

This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing. If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.

If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection while sqlite3_changes() is running then the value returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.

See also:

- the sqlite3_total_changes() interface
- the count_changes pragma
- the changes() SQL function
- the data_version pragma

See also lists of Objects, Constants, and Functions.